Sunday, November 27, 2022

What Year Was Peak Wagon in America?

There were two model years when American car shoppers had 47 station wagons to consider, either 1964 or 1977.
https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/classic-cars/a39372850/what-year-was-peak-wagon-in-america/

Saturday, November 26, 2022

10 Free Twitter Aggregators to Increase Social Media Engagement - Curator.io

https://curator.io/blog/free-twitter-aggregators

Are There Open Source Social Media Aggregators? - Juicer Social

Note that these apps need to be updated by you when social media sites are updated.
https://www.juicer.io/blog/are-there-open-source-social-media-aggregators

The Best Social Media Aggregators - Curator.io

https://curator.io/blog/the-best-social-media-aggregators

10 of the Best Social Media Aggregators To Try Out

https://influencermarketinghub.com/social-media-aggregators/

Free Social Media Aggregator Tools - Curator.io

More focused on aggregation rather than marketing:
https://curator.io/blog/free-social-media-aggregator-tools

6 Free Social Media Management Tools to Make Life Easier

https://ducttapemarketing.com/free-social-media-management-tools/

18 Best Free Social Media Management Tools 2022 - Codeless

There is a convenient table that breaks down the monthly costs:
https://codeless.co/free-social-media-management-tools/

The 23 Best Free Social Media Management Tools in 2020 for Boosting Engagement

https://www.bluleadz.com/blog/best-free-social-media-management-tools

16 Free Social Media Management Tools You Can’t Skip in 2022

This article starts with apps that are actually free (for low volume users):
https://www.socialchamp.io/blog/free-social-media-management-tools/

Leading Free Social Media Management Tools for 2023

Most are free for a couple of weeks and then have substantial monthly fees …
https://influencermarketinghub.com/free-social-media-management-tools/

You Can Run Apple Mac OS On The Wii | Nintendo Life

Use to stream videos?
https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2022/11/random-move-over-apple-you-can-run-mac-os-on-the-wii

Six snacks that won’t spike blood sugar

https://www.naturalremedees.com/topic/22/

Thursday, November 24, 2022

The 5-hour rule

The 5-hour rule: How to turn a wasted day into a successful one -
We each have the same 24 hours in the day. How will you spend yours?
https://bigthink.com/smart-skills/5-hour-rule/

"... according to "the 5-hour rule," how we choose to spend those hours might mean the difference between success and mediocrity."
"The average person sleeps around eight hours ... That leaves 16 waking hours left to spend ... We need to subtract the seven to eight hours a day during which most people work ... So, we're down to nine remaining hours.
Much of those nine hours are taken up by life administration: shopping, housework, unpaid labor (e.g. care work), and eating and drinking. Of course, there are massive cultural differences lurking in that category ... The country where people spend the least time eating and drinking is the USA (63 minutes)."
... According to the OECD, "Around the world, women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid care work than men." This has a knock-on effect in how many leisure hours the genders have to spend."
"One of the key findings that comes up again and again is known as the "5-hour rule." In short, this is the rule where we spend one hour a day learning, reflecting, and thinking. We do this five times a week (which makes up the "5-hour" rule). The rule dates to Benjamin Franklin, who would devote (at least) an hour each day specifically to learning something new. ... Today, Elon Musk, Oprah Winfrey, and Bill Gates all employ some version of the 5-hour rule.
The idea is that devoting an hour of your day to education exercises the mind, improves your skills, and rehearses great discipline. In education-speak, the 5-hour rule gives us both knowledge and skills."
"... here are three "first steps" to the 5-hour rule.
Learn…however you can. Reading print on a book is one way of learning, but it's not the only way. ... Today, podcasts, audiobooks, and spoken radio are all great ways to spend your hour. What's more, the internet is full of educational, entertaining, and enlightening long-form articles ...

Experiment. ... The most successful people in life were not those who stumbled on some magic treasure in the woods, but who tried and failed, tried, and failed again.
In his book Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure, Tim Harford says success means we "first, seek out new ideas and try new things; second, when trying something new, do it on a scale where failure is survivable; third, seek out feedback and learn from your mistakes as you go along." Try something new. Try something differently. When we experiment, we both have fun and learn a great deal"

"Reflect. Failure is only valuable insofar as it improves the future. In the words of Samuel Beckett, "Try again. Fail again. Fail better." Each failure is different, and each defeat is closer to victory than the last. There are many ways to reflect. For some, it might mean a diary, journal, or ten minutes spent simply ruminating. ... When we reflect on our days and our mistakes, we turn failures into learning experiences."


Wednesday, November 23, 2022

Thoughts on Revolver Reliability

https://www.activeresponsetraining.net/thoughts-on-revolver-reliability
Quotes:  
"Semi Automatic's ammunition is used to function the gun. This is both a wonderful benefit in some cases and detrimental in others. Because the ammunition is functioning the gun, the ammunition and the firearm need to work well together."
"Bullet design, weight, energy generated, and tolerances are all critical to functional reliability of the pistol. It only has to be reliable and of decent quality in a revolver."
"I cannot emphasize enough, these guns {revolvers} are incredibly reliable in all their size ranges when clean, maintained and during an initial encounter. That is the reliability I am looking for in a daily carry defensive tool. Reliability when dirty and shot a bunch and with minimal proactive maintenance? This area is owned by the modern semi automatic service pistol."


Tuesday, November 22, 2022

How to Change a Car Battery | News | Cars.com

Newer vehicles make changing car batteries more difficult.
https://www.cars.com/articles/how-to-change-a-car-battery-459296/

A navigation system to supplement and backup GPS

A navigation system has been created that is more accurate than GPS -
The new alternative positioning system (called SuperGPS) could achieve an accuracy of 10 centimeters.
https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/a-navigation-system-has-been-created-that-is-more-accurate-than-gps

"... with a few ... innovations, the telecommunication network could be transformed into a very accurate alternative positioning system that is independent of GPS,"
"The team succeeded in developing a system that can provide connectivity similar to mobile and Wi-Fi networks. It also has accurate positioning and time distribution. The new system can be used in a wide range of applications, including automated vehicles and next generation mobile communication systems."
"The research team realized that weak radio signals relying on satellites can make GPS inaccurate. If the radio signals are reflected or blocked by buildings, then they can no longer send over accurate positioning and information.
"This can make GPS unreliable in urban settings, for instance," ... He mentioned another big issue involving the future of autonomous vehicles, which cannot function off of unpredictable GPS positioning."
"The research team created a process that would connect the mobile network to an accurate atomic clock, so it can broadcast times messages for positioning, similar to GPS satellites."
With these techniques we can turn the network into a nationwide distributed atomic clock – with many new applications such as very accurate positioning through mobile networks"

How even a small nuclear war could cause global famine

Even a small nuclear war could cause global famine -
https://interestingengineering.com/science/nuclear-war-could-cause-global-famine

What technologies could be used to clean soot from the upper atmosphere?
  *  Launch chemicals that bind soot particles together and cause them to fall rapidly?
  *  Launch vehicles that draw in great volumes of air and filter it on the way out?
  *  Create an air-borne algae or bacteria that eats the soot and falls to the surface?
  *  Use nuclear weapons to create firestorms that clear out the soot?


Is Your Chamber Empty? | Sheriff Jim Wilson

http://sheriffjimwilson.com/2022/11/21/is-your-chamber-empty/

Four Essential Steps to Taking Back Your Garage | Family Handyman

https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/craftsman-take-back-your-garage/

Monday, November 21, 2022

The DIY Laptop

The DIY Laptop

https://www.freethink.com/series/challengers/right-to-repair?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=BigThinkdotcom
"Framework wanted to build a laptop with the right to repair at its heart, but one still the roughly the same size and weight as other laptops on the market.
...
Framework currently offers two different laptop models. The Framework laptop arrives put together, but is still customizable, upgradeable, and repairable. 
The DIY laptop option allows consumers to build their own laptop from a kit of modules, creating a customized product right off the bat. You can bring your own choice of operating system, memory, storage, and WiFi capabilities, or buy them from Framework."

Now available with the latest 12th Gen Intel® Core™ Processors  https://frame.work/
"A thin, light, high-performance 13.5" notebook that's designed to last that's totally upgradeable, that respects your right to repair, that's optimized for Linux, that respects the planet"  Starting at $819
"We've built the Framework Laptop from the ground up to be upgradeable in ways that no other high-performance notebook is. In addition to adding memory and storage, you can choose the ports you want, customize the bezel color and keyboard language, and even upgrade your entire mainboard!"
"With two SO-DIMM sockets and one M.2 2280 socket, the Framework Laptop DIY Edition is configurable and upgradeable to an insane 64GB of memory and 8TB of storage."
"Compatible with Windows 11 Home and Pro and works out of the box with a wide variety of Linux Distributions like Ubuntu and Fedora."
"The Framework Expansion Card system lets you choose exactly the ports you want and which side you want them on. With four bays, you can select from USB-C, USB-A, HDMI, DisplayPort, MicroSD, ultra fast storage, and more."

Check sale prices on 11th gen motherboards ...




Performance modifications for Volvo's 240

A small block Ford is a fairly common engine swap for these - a Chevy LS can also be made to fit.  There are some turbocharged 4-cylinder engines (including Volvos!) that would liven one up also (and a V6s!).

 Volvo's 240 was not sporty in standard form, but it could be. Here's how I'd build it -
A blend of factory and aftermarket parts could bring out the classic brick's athletic side:
https://www.hemmings.com/stories/hibi-1990-volvo-240-dl/

"American V-8 engine swaps (https://www.cartalk.com/blogs/jim-motavalli/paul-newmans-v-8-volvos-getting-groceries-style) are commonplace in rear-drive Volvos today, but I'd prefer to keep a Swedish four-cylinder lump under the hood. And while my first inclination was towards installing a late 780 Turbo's stout 188hp/206-lb-ft turbocharged B230FT, I'm now leaning towards the rarer B234F, a.k.a. the 16-valve.

This DOHC variant, which admittedly isn't as hassle-free as its SOHC 8-valve sibling, was introduced for 1989 in the mid-range 740 GLE 16-valve. It featured a better-breathing four-valve head and made a peppy 153 horsepower and 150 pound-feet of torque in standard form.

Thankfully, it's possible to make a hybrid engine by mounting the 16-valve head on the existing block and changing certain components, if a complete B234F isn't readily found.

The 16-valve engine came mated to the M46 four-speed manual with button-operated electric overdrive fifth gear ..."

The Perfect V8 Swapped Volvo: https://www.motortrend.com/features/perfect-v8-swapped-volvo/

Tested: Old Volvo Wagons Are a V-8 Swap from Serious Speed:
    https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a33324644/tested-volvo-v-8-wagons/
"Anything with 240,000 miles on it is only $2000 to buy," says Converse. "We've converted a number of cars that had over 200,000 miles on them. We go around on an anti-squeak campaign, replacing suspension and body bushings. At 200,000 miles, a Volvo body is still good, but what makes it feel old is rattles and squeaks."


1971 - 74 Plymouth Road Runner

I didn't really like these when they were new - they've grown on me.

https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/1971-plymouth-road-runner
"The convertible was dropped for '71, so all Road Runners were two-door hardtops built with unitized construction. When shopping, inspect the cowl where it meets the firewall—rust is common here and is labor-intensive to repair. Vinyl roof coverings were available both full and canopy style. Rust can dig into the metal underneath the vinyl so check the roof over carefully for bubbles and blisters."

Wednesday, November 16, 2022

How to Recycle Old Used Laptop Batteries to make a DIY 24V 72AH Power Backup Battery System

https://practicalsurvivalist.com/how-to-recycle-old-used-laptop-batteries-to-build-a-diy-a-24v-72ah-ammo-can-battery-bank/

Dorman replacement and improved parts for Lincoln Mark VIII

Inside the Chevy 409 V8


Inside the Chevy 409 V8:
https://macsmotorcitygarage.com/inside-the-chevy-409-v8/
"The 409 story actually starts here, with the 348 cubic-inch W-Series V8 introduced for 1958. Chevrolet product planners recognized that domestic passenger cars were rapidly growing in size and weight, topping two tons, and feared that the small but mighty 283 CID V8 would soon be insufficient. Experimental X and Y-Series engines, essentially scaled-up versions of the small-block V8, were tried before the Chevrolet engineering team, led by John Rausch, Howard H. Kehrl, and Donald H. McPherson, determined that an all-new engine was the preferred course.
The name for the W-Series V8 is easy to remember due to the distinctive valve cover shape, which resembles the letter W, sort of. Goals for the new V8 included low manufacturing cost and a compact footprint so it could fit in the same vehicle applications as the small-block. Mission accomplished, as the W-Series arrived only 2.70 inches wider and 1.78 inches longer than the existing V8."
"Of course, the trademark feature of the W-Series V8 was its distinctive combustion chamber design. In place of a conventional bowl-type chamber in the cylinder head. The block deck was milled at 74-degree angle (16 degrees from perpendicular) to form an oval, wedge-shaped chamber in the top of the cylinder itself. While unusual, this design was not quite unique. Ford Motor Co. also used this configuration on its MEL V8 engine family of 1958-1967, and it was found on some industrial engines in America and Europe.
...
Compression ratio for the original 348 CID version of 1958 was set at 9.5:1, while the 409 CID V8 sported a CR of 11.25:1 when it launched in 1961."
"The big news for Chevy performance enthusiasts arrived midway through the 1961 model year with the introduction of the mighty 409 CID V8. The larger displacement was achieved with an increase in both bore and stroke to 4.312 inches by 3.50 inches, yielding exactly 408.89 cubic inches. The main and rod journal diameters and other features are the same as the 348, but the 409 crankshaft will not fit in a stock 348 block due to its larger counterweights."
"The 409 enjoyed widespread availability for the first time—and truly got on the map—with the 409-horsepower version introduced for 1962. This was no doubt the version of the engine the Beach Boys were singing about in their 1962 hit song, 409. Sporting big-valve heads and a dual-quad intake manifold with a pair of Carter AFB D-Series carburetors, the engine quickly became top dog at the drag strips and drive-ins of the time ... "

Ford’s Forgotten Big Block: The 1958-68 MEL V8:

Ford's Forgotten Big Block: The 1958-68 MEL V8:
" ... the MEL V8 (Mercury-Edsel-Lincoln) is largely forgotten today."
https://macsmotorcitygarage.com/fords-forgotten-big-block-the-1958-68-mel-v8/
"Between 1958 and 1968, the MEL V8 was produced in four displacements: 383, 410, 430, and 462 cubic inches. All were built on the same basic architecture with 4.90-inch bore spacing, and they all shared the unusual design feature shown above. There were no combustion chambers in the cylinder head. Instead, the block deck was machined at a 10-degree angle, forming a wedge-shaped combustion space in the top of the cylinder bore. "
"Among production MEL V8s, the ultimate in looks and muscle might well be the 1958 Mercury Super Marauder, a special package with three two-barrel Holley carburetors and a fabulously styled cast-aluminum air cleaner assembly"

"If you look at Engine Masters you will see that Jon Kaase won the Vintage Engines Masters Competition with a MEL engine pouring out over 750 horsepower:

Tuesday, November 15, 2022

Toyota 86 (Scion FR-S) / GR86 & Subaru BRZ sports cars

Toyota 86 (Scion FR-S) / GR86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_86

"According to the 86's designers, "The goal was to create an authentic rear-wheel drive sports car with compelling style, exceptionally balanced performance and handling, flexible utility and surprising MPG."
...
First generation (ZN6/ZC6; 2012) - In the United States, Scion were allocated 10,000 units of the 2013 model year production, while Subaru was limited to only 6,000 units.
...
The 86's low-weight design uses an aluminium hood, a fixed roof, and a trunk as opposed to a hatchback.  To improve driving dynamics, the boxer engine is mounted low in a front engine / rear drive layout, yielding a weight distribution of 53% in front and 47% in the rear and a low centre of mass height.
The 86's engine, known by the Toyota code 4U-GSE and Subaru code FA20, is a naturally aspirated engine that uses Subaru's flat-four engine design, with the addition of Toyota's D-4S injection system, which uses Gasoline direct injection (GDI). With its front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, its engine runs on 98 RON (premium unleaded) fuel and features a compression ratio of 12.5:1
...
The second-generation BRZ went on sale in the US in late 2021.
The badge-engineered Toyota version was briefly named the "GR 86".  It was later renamed "GR86", without the space, for digital marketing reasons."

Toyota (Camry) Solara, coupe & convertible

Toyota (Camry) Solara, coupe & convertible
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camry_Solara
Second generation (XV30; 2004–2008):

The second generation of the Camry Solara was completely redesigned ... and introduced to the public for the 2004 model year and featured a curvier body, with the option of adding XM radio and/or a navigation system. 
Based on the platform of the 2002 Camry sedan, the Gen 2 body is heavier than the Gen 1.5 body. The four-cylinder engine was carried over from the previous generation, while the optional V6 was a new 3.3 L unit rated at 225 net hp at 5,600 rpm (168 kW) and 240 lb⋅ft (325 N⋅m) of torque at 3,600 rpm. The four-cylinder engine could be coupled to a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, while the V6 was offered only with a five-speed U151E automatic transmission. Both engines featured Toyota's VVT-i technology.
  The convertible was offered only with the 3.3 liter V-6 and the 5-speed MMT automatic transmission.
Rather than being adapted from the coupe like the first-generation car—which had been criticized for poor structural rigidity—Toyota claimed that the second-generation convertible was specifically designed and built as such, with a more rigid body structure for decreased levels of noise and vibration.
In June 2006, a restyled 2007 Solara was introduced, with new LED tail lights, a revised rear bumper, and a redesigned front fascia.  Interior changes include Optitron gauges, blue backlighting in the rest of the car's controls, a new steering wheel design, revised shifter, MP3 and WMA CD playback capability, external audio device auxiliary port connectivity, Bluetooth connectivity, and voice-activated navigation on the SLE V6 models.
The second-generation Solara sold below expectations, as it inherited the unexciting handling from its Camry parent.  Despite the structural redesign, the convertible was still criticized for soft handling that did not feel sporty, and for significant body shake.  From model year 2005 to 2008, sales fell from roughly 50,000 units annually to just over 20,000.
  After the 2008 model year, the coupe was discontinued due to faltering sales, but the convertible, which accounted for the majority of units sold, continued to be produced. ... production was quietly suspended in December 2008, with sales continuing from inventory to gauge demand. In June 2009, Toyota announced that sales had not met expectations, and that production would not resume.

How to Choose the Best Dash Cam

Monday, November 14, 2022

20+ Budget-Friendly Garage Storage Ideas You Can Easily DIY - Page 10 of 51 - worldtravelling

https://worldtravelling.com/24-simple-projects-for-quickly-putting-the-garage-in-order/10/

At Home And On The Go: 40 Inventive Hiding Spots To Keep Valuables Safe - mydiwise

https://mydiwise.com/dyvaluehide/

How to heat your Garage by using an Outdoor Wood Burning Boiler and an old car radiator

https://practicalsurvivalist.com/diy-video-how-to-heat-your-garage-by-using-an-outdoor-wood-burning-boiler-and-an-old-car-radiator/

DIY Steam Engine power for electric generator

Cheap and Simple Oscillating Steam Engine:  https://www.instructables.com/A-Simple-Steam-Engine-Anyone-Can-Build/
"... replace the wood parts with aluminum ones."
"... check out the totally awesome animation by the guys over at www.animatedengines.com ... I should note that this animation is of a "double acting" engine, in that is has ports on both the bottom and the top of the cylinder where mine is a "single acting" engine with ports just on the top. This just means that the engine relies more heavily on the momentum of the flywheel to keep it running but is a lot simpler to build."
https://content.instructables.com/F1J/YYSX/GAA0EX1C/F1JYYSXGAA0EX1C.pdf

Building A Steam Engine From A Lawn Mower -
If you want to build a low-dollar steam engine, all you need is a 4-cycle lawn mower engine.
https://www.farmcollector.com/steam-traction/build-a-steam-engine-from-a-lawn-mower/
"... try to find an engine with good compression. I later found out that with bad rings the engine would run fine but the steam would slip past the rings and condense in the crankcase and push the oil out."
"A boiler is a bomb in the hands of someone who doesn't know what they are doing. A boiler is constantly moving even if it's standing still. Every time the pressure rises the temperature rises and the metal expands, and when the pressure drops, temperature drops, and the metal shrinks just as if the boiler metal was being bent back and forth to a very small degree.
Boilerplate is a very soft high grade of steel. Good boilerplate up to 3/4-inch thick can be hammered over on itself without showing any signs of cracking or stress. ... The harder the steel, the sooner it'll happen. That's why boilers should only be made of boilerplate. Also all A.S.M.E. boilers are stress relieved after being welded by placing them in an oven for several hours to relieve the stress of the welds."

How to Convert a 2 Cycle Engine to Steam | Weed-eater to Steam/Air Engine
https://tngun.com/diy-2-cycle-to-steam-engine-convertion-project/
Video explains how the check valve makes it work ...

How to Build a DIY Steam Boiler:  https://tngun.com/diy-steam-engine-boiler/
Video shows a pressure cooker used as a boiler ... Connected to the steam engine with a compressed air hose.

Steam Powered Electricity Generator:
Very low power demonstartion kit ...

How to Make Steam Power Plant at Home - a Cool Science Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xHNidlhNes

Power Your Home and Workshop With Steam:
A complex design requiring a well equipped shop to comeplete.

Other steam engine projects

Steam boiler projects







Saturday, November 12, 2022

Comparing Compact SUVs

These aren't the smallest SUVs, but are reasonable in size and performance:

Every 2022 Compact SUV Ranked from Worst to Best -
Ranking the compact crossover SUV segment, from Bronco Sport to Tucson.
https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15380025/best-small-compact-suv-truck/
Some highlights:

"... the off-road-oriented Jeep Compass trim is still no Jeep Wrangler, but this small Jeep model, which sits between the subcompact Renegade and the compact Cherokee, is surprisingly capable off-the-beaten-path—when properly equipped."
https://www.caranddriver.com/jeep/compass

"GMC's Terrain benefits from a light refresh for 2022 ... A 170-hp turbocharged four-cylinder and nine-speed automatic transmission continue to motivate this compact SUV. Front-wheel drive is standard, but all-wheel drive is optionally available. The Terrain's ride is on the firm side and, like its Chevrolet-badged Equinox sibling, the build quality inside is less than stellar—especially given the GMC's base price."
https://www.caranddriver.com/gmc/terrain

"... the compact Jeep Cherokee can be outfitted for off-the-grid exploration, albeit for a hefty premium. All-wheel drive is standard on most trims, although the Latitude Lux comes standard with front-wheel drive. Every Cherokee features a 271-hp 3.2-liter V-6, although Latitude Lux and Limited models are optionally available with a 270-hp turbocharged 2.0-liter I-4 that packs 295 pound-feet of torque—56 lb-ft of twist more than the V-6. Predictably, the fuel economy figures of the Cherokee's high-horsepower engines fall short of class leaders."
https://www.caranddriver.com/jeep/cherokee

"Ford offers its Escape with a wide variety of powertrains. Strictly gas-powered Escapes rely on a 181-hp turbocharged three-cylinder engine for motivation, however, a 250-hp turbocharged 2.0-liter I-4 is also available. The former engine offers both front- and all-wheel-drive options and delivers adequate performance, while the latter is all-wheel-drive-only and makes the Escape quite zippy. The Escape is also available in gasoline-electric and plug-in gasoline-electric hybrid forms. Going the hybrid route nets buyers a 2.5-liter gas engine and two electric motors for a total of 200 horsepower and an EPA-rated 41 mpg combined in front-drive guise. Opt for all-wheel drive and that figure falls to 40 mpg. The all-wheel-drive Escape PHEV, meanwhile, matches the all-wheel-drive hybrid's combined fuel economy figure, but nets an EPA-rated 37 miles of all-electric driving range. We like the refined ride quality of the Ford Escape as well as its spacious cabin and modern features. Its major drawbacks are its subpar interior materials and its starting price, which is a bit overzealous for what base the Escape offers."
https://www.caranddriver.com/ford/escape

"... the Subaru Forester is still one of the best all-around compact crossovers and an affordable way to get all-wheel drive."
https://www.caranddriver.com/subaru/forester
"Except for the too-spartan base model, the Forester comes generously equipped and all models come with Subaru's suite of driver-assistance features as standard."

"The Toyota RAV4 ... As before, strictly gas-powered RAV4s feature a 203-hp four-cylinder that pairs with an eight-speed automatic transmission. RAV4 Hybrid models have standard all-wheel drive and rely on a gasoline-electric hybrid powertrain that produces a peak of 219 horsepower. The RAV4 Prime is the most powerful variant. It's a plug-in hybrid model with 302 horsepower. Our only major complaint with this well-rounded compact SUV centers on its relatively loud four-cylinder engine."
https://www.caranddriver.com/toyota/rav4
https://www.caranddriver.com/toyota/rav4-hybrid
"... the 2023 RAV4 Hybrid and plug-in hybrid RAV4 Prime aim to bring impressive fuel efficiency to the compact-SUV segment. And they succeed. But their electrified powertrains come with other benefits too, specifically better performance."

"Honda's CR-V isn't the sportiest or best-looking compact SUV, but it is a well-rounded one. Every solely gas-powered CR-V comes with a 190-hp turbocharged four-cylinder and one of the best CVTs available. The 212-hp gasoline-electric CR-V Hybrid, meanwhile, comes standard with all-wheel drive ..."
https://www.caranddriver.com/honda/cr-v
"The EX and EX-L are gas-only models. The Sport Hybrid and Sport Touring Hybrid come exclusively with the hybrid powertrain and those are the two we'd recommend most. The front-wheel-drive CR-V Hybrid Sport is tempting. It comes at a reasonable starting price of $33,695 and carries an EPA-estimated 43 mpg in the city, beating the Toyota RAV4 Hybrid's city rating, and comes with stylish black exterior accents, black 18-inch wheels, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel. The Sport Touring Hybrid is more expensive but comes standard with all-wheel drive and a host of luxury features that really elevate the experience."

"The Hyundai Tucson benefits from a complete overhaul for the 2022 model year. Along with its bold new looks, the model adds gasoline-electric hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrain options to the mix. Lesser gas models rely on a coarse 187-hp 2.5-liter I-4 for motivation. It mates to an eight-speed automatic gearbox, which shoots power to the front wheels. All-wheel drive, however, is optional. The hybrid setup, meanwhile, makes 221 horses, while the plug-in nets 261 and offers up to 33 miles of electric-only driving, per the EPA. Both come standard with all-wheel drive."
https://www.caranddriver.com/hyundai/tucson

"The Mazda CX-5 impresses with its luxurious feel and affordable pricing. This Mazda offers more than just a comfortable, well-appointed ride, though, as the CX-5 is actually enjoyable to drive. Buyers can opt for either a 187-hp 2.5-liter I-4 or a 256-hp turbocharged 2.5-liter I-4, both of which mate to a six-speed automatic transmission. All-wheel-drive is standard across the line."
https://www.caranddriver.com/mazda/cx-5
"... it should be noted that the CX-5 offers more headroom than the CX-50"

"A new nameplate has joined Mazda's lineup in the form of the 2023 CX-50 SUV, which is well-equipped to take on compact crossover rivals such as the Hyundai Tucson, Nissan Rogue, and Toyota RAV4. ... it will be sold alongside the slightly smaller CX-5, which is on an older platform.  The CX-50 is available with either a naturally aspirated 187-hp 2.5-liter four-cylinder or a turbocharged version of that engine making 256 horsepower. All models come with a six-speed automatic and all-wheel drive. A hybrid model is also in the works that will use a powertrain from Toyota."
https://www.caranddriver.com/mazda/cx-50
"Although it's barely larger than the company's CX-5 SUV, the CX-50 wears more rugged styling, which is a departure from the more refined, upscale designs found elsewhere in the Mazda lineup."



How to Heat your Home or Garage by building Solar Air Heating Collectors that uses no electricity or batteries

Looks like a mini-Trombe wall
https://practicalsurvivalist.com/diy-solar-air-collector/

"9 rows of 17 soda pop cans, a total of 153 355ml soda cans are used for the collector. The aluminum pop cans are painted with flat black paint to ensure all sunlight is absorbed and not reflected. "

 

Friday, November 11, 2022

Tuesday, November 1, 2022

Piston Rings and Engine Heat: Do You Really Need a Bigger Radiator?

"To verify the results, the test with the fractional rings was run twice. That ring package generated about 15 degrees higher water temperature and nearly 20 degrees higher oil temperature compared to the thinner metric ring set.
The results confirm piston-ring-to-cylinder-wall friction as a meaningful contributor to engine operating temperature, and identifying friction as the source of the heat was quite easy. The standard fractional rings reduced engine power by nearly 20 lb-ft of torque and more than 15 hp compared to the gas-ported metric ring set.
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Motor oil provides as much as 40% of piston cooling, so a hotter piston would lead to hotter oil. However, in both the dyno and real-world tests, the oil temperature decreased along with the water temperature.
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By going to thinner piston rings, friction can be significantly reduced, and the benefits are increased horsepower and reduced operating temperatures.

Does this performance increase come at a cost in durability? The answer is no. Back to the test at Shaver's—used oil samples were taken from each test cycle and analyzed by an independent oil lab. Those results revealed a 55% reduction in wear by going to the thinner rings.
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Automakers have gone from thicker, cast-iron rings to thinner, steel rings over the last several decades. Why? Primarily to improve fuel economy, but as a convenient side-effect, today's engines also last much longer than before.
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It's not hard to find off-the-shelf pistons these days with either 1.0mm/1.0mm/2.0mm or .043-inch/.043-inch/3.0mm ring grooves."

https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/piston-rings-versus-engine-temperatures/